300 The term Pict is first recorded

The Picts were a tribal confederation of Celtic peoples during the Late Iron Age and Early Medieval periods living in ancient eastern and northern Scotland. The place where they lived and what their culture was like can be inferred from the geographical distribution of brochs, Brythonic place name elements, and Pictish stones. Picts are assumed to have been the descendants of the Caledonii and other tribes that were mentioned by Roman historians or on the world map of Ptolemy. Pictland, also called Pictavia by some sources, gradually merged with the Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata to form the Kingdom of Alba (Scotland). Alba then expanded, absorbing the Brythonic kingdom of Strathclyde and Bernician Lothian, and by the 11th century the Pictish identity had been subsumed into the "Scots" amalgamation of peoples.

163 Romans withdraw south to Trimontium and Hadrian's Wall

Trimontium is the name of a Roman fort at Newstead, near Melrose, Scottish Borders, close under the three Eildon Hills (whence the name trium montium). It was an advance post of the Romans in the Roman province of Valentia. Trimontium was occupied by the Romans intermittently from 80 to 211. At the height of the Roman occupation of the fort, no more than 1500 soldiers and a smaller civilian population lived in the settlement. The fort was laid out as a standard Roman fort. It has three layers of defences, the first being the central fort itself with its earthen defences built during the 1st century. The second layer is a series of four ditches built during the last part of the 2nd century. There is an additional series of walls and trenches in the west annex.